valproic acid
Valproic acid is used to treat certain types of seizures. Valproic acid is also used to treat mania (episodes of frenzied, abnormally excited mood) in people with bipolar disorder (manic-depressive disorder; a disease that causes episodes of depression, episodes of mania, and other abnormal moods). It is also used to prevent migraine headaches, but not to relieve headaches that have already begun. Valproic acid is in a class of medications called anticonvulsants. It works by increasing the amount of a certain natural substance in the brain.
Full drug information on MedlinePlus →This is general information, not medical advice. Pregnancy and breastfeeding decisions should always be made with your healthcare provider.
Can taking valproic acid affect fertility or make it harder to get pregnant?
Some studies suggest that people taking valproic acid may have a higher chance of developing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is associated with difficulty getting pregnant. However, people with seizure disorders or bipolar disorder may also have menstrual irregularities and fertility issues related to the underlying condition itself, rather than the medication. Anyone with questions about fertility while taking valproic acid should discuss them with their healthcare provider.
Does taking valproic acid increase the risk of miscarriage?
Miscarriage can occur in any pregnancy for many reasons. According to the available information, it is not known whether valproic acid increases the chance of miscarriage. This is something to discuss further with your healthcare provider.
Does taking valproic acid increase the risk of birth defects?
Studies have linked valproic acid use in pregnancy with fetal valproate spectrum disorder, which can include both minor and major birth defects. About 10% of babies exposed in the first trimester have been found to have a major birth defect, with heart defects, cleft lip, and neural tube defects (approximately 1–2%) among those more commonly reported; the chance appears greater with higher doses or when combined with another seizure medication. Valproic acid can also lower folic acid levels, so discussing folic acid intake and other planning steps with a healthcare provider is important.
Can taking valproic acid during pregnancy cause other pregnancy-related complications?
Valproic acid may increase the chance of low birth weight (less than about 5 pounds, 8 ounces). There have also been reports of temporary low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) in newborns following prenatal exposure. A healthcare provider can discuss monitoring and what to expect in an individual situation.
Can taking valproic acid during pregnancy affect the child's brain development, learning, or behavior?
Prenatal exposure to valproic acid can increase the chance of problems with learning and development. Studies have reported increased chances of intellectual disability, developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, attachment disorder, and decreased language, memory, social, and adaptive skills, though not all studies have shown the same results, and some effects may also relate to the severity of the underlying seizure disorder. These considerations are best discussed in detail with a healthcare provider.
Is it safe to breastfeed while taking valproic acid?
The amount of valproic acid that passes into breast milk is low, and blood levels in exposed infants are reported to be low to undetectable. There is a theoretical (not proven) concern about liver toxicity in exposed infants, so monitoring for symptoms such as jaundice, rash, or fever is suggested, and any concerns should be brought to the child's healthcare provider. Decisions about breastfeeding while taking valproic acid should be made together with your healthcare provider.
Source: MotherToBaby Fact Sheet
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