spina bifida
a CONGENITAL malformation in newborn babies in which part of the SPINAL CORD is exposed by a gap in the back-bone. Many cases are also affected with HYDROCEPHALUS . The symptoms usually include paralysis, incontinence, a high risk of MENINGITIS and mental retardation. There is usually an abnormally high level of ALPHA FETOPROTEIN in the AMNIOTIC FLUID and since this can be diagnosed and then confirmed by AMNIOCENTESIS , it is possibe to terminate these pregnancies.
Spina bifida is a neural tube defect - a type of birth defect of the brain, spine, or spinal cord. It happens if the spinal column of the fetus doesn't close completely during the first month of pregnancy. This can damage the nerves and spinal cord. Screening tests during pregnancy can check for spina bifida. Sometimes it is discovered only after the baby is born.
The symptoms of spina bifida vary from person to person. Most people with spina bifida are of normal intelligence. Some people need assistive devices such as braces, crutches, or wheelchairs. They may have learning difficulties, urinary and bowel problems, or hydrocephalus, a buildup of fluid in the brain.
The exact cause of spina bifida is unknown. It seems to run in families. Taking folic acid can reduce the risk of having a baby with spina bifida. It's in most multivitamins. Women who could become pregnant should take it daily.
NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
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