smallpox
a highly infectious viral disease that has nonetheless been eradicated. INFECTION results, after about two weeks, in a high fever, head and body aches and vomiting. Eventually red spots appear, which change to water and then pus-filled vesicles that, on drying out, leave scars. The person stays infectious until all scabs are shed. Fever often returns, with DELIRIUM , and although recovery is usual, complications often ensue, e.g. PNEUMONIA .
Smallpox is a disease caused by the Variola major virus. Some experts say that over the centuries it has killed more people than all other infectious diseases combined. Worldwide vaccination stopped the spread of smallpox three decades ago. The last case was reported in 1977. Two research labs still keep small amounts of the virus. Experts fear bioterrorists could use the virus to spread disease.
Smallpox spreads very easily from person to person. Symptoms are flu-like. They include:
- High fever
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Backache
- A rash with flat red sores
There is no treatment. Fluids and medicines for pain or fever can help control symptoms. Most people recover, but some can die. Those who do recover may have severe scars.
The U.S. stopped routine smallpox vaccinations in 1972. Military and other high-risk groups continue to get the vaccine. The U.S. has increased its supply of the vaccine in recent years. The vaccine makes some people sick, so doctors save it for those at highest risk of disease.
smallpox