Sertoli Cell

Sertoli cells are tall columnar EPITHELIAL CELLS found in the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES of the TESTIS, where they provide structural, nutritional, and regulatory support to developing GERM CELLS throughout SPERMATOGENESIS. They form the BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER through specialized TIGHT JUNCTIONS, protecting developing sperm from the immune system and maintaining a controlled environment for sperm development. Sertoli cells are stimulated by FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH) and produce important substances such as ANDROGEN-BINDING PROTEIN (ABP), INHIBIN, and ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE (AMH). They also assist in the removal of excess cytoplasm from developing SPERMATOZOA through PHAGOCYTOSIS.

Sertoli cells are supportive cells inside the testes that help developing sperm cells grow, mature, and function properly.

• Sertoli cells are also called nurse cells of the testis because they support developing sperm cells. • They are found inside the seminiferous tubules of the testes. • Their main function is to help in sperm formation (spermatogenesis). • They provide nutrients and protection to developing sperm cells. • They form the blood-testis barrier, which creates a safe environment for sperm development. • They respond to FSH hormone stimulation and help regulate male fertility. • They produce important substances including androgen-binding protein, inhibin, and anti-Müllerian hormone. • Dysfunction of Sertoli cells may contribute to male infertility.