hyperprolactinemia

Hyperprolactinemia is an endocrine disorder characterized by elevated levels of prolactin, a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland. Prolactin normally plays an important role in breast development and milk production after childbirth, but excessive levels can interfere with the normal regulation of reproductive hormones. Common causes of hyperprolactinemia include benign pituitary tumors called prolactinomas, certain medications, hypothyroidism, pregnancy, kidney disease, and other disorders affecting the pituitary gland or hypothalamus. In females, symptoms may include irregular or absent menstrual periods, infertility, unexpected breast milk production (galactorrhea), and reduced sexual desire. In males, it may cause reduced testosterone levels, decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, infertility, or breast enlargement. Diagnosis typically involves measuring blood prolactin levels and identifying the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the cause and may include medications such as dopamine agonists, changes in contributing medicines, or management of pituitary tumors.

Hyperprolactinemia means having too much prolactin hormone in the blood. Since prolactin affects reproductive hormones, high levels can cause problems such as irregular periods, infertility, unexpected milk production, or reduced testosterone levels.

• Condition caused by higher-than-normal levels of prolactin in the blood • Prolactin is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland • Common causes include prolactinomas (benign pituitary tumors), medications, hypothyroidism, and pituitary disorders • Can interfere with reproductive hormones and fertility • Symptoms in females may include irregular periods, absence of periods, infertility, and unexpected breast milk production (galactorrhea) • Symptoms in males may include low testosterone, reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, and infertility • Diagnosed using blood prolactin tests and sometimes pituitary imaging studies • Treatment depends on the cause and may include dopamine agonist medications or management of underlying conditions • Many cases improve when the underlying cause is identified and treated