botulism
the most dangerous type of food poisoning, caused by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The bacterium is found in oxygen-free environments, e.g. in contaminated food in bottles or tins. During growth it releases a toxin of which one component attacks the nervous system. It has a very small lethal dose, and symptoms commence with a dry mouth, constipation and blurred vision, and worsen to muscle weakness. Death is caused by paralysis of the muscles involved in respiration.
Botulism is a rare but serious illness. The cause is a toxin (poison) made by a bacterium called Clostridium botulinum. It occurs naturally in soil.
There are several kinds of botulism. Foodborne botulism comes from eating foods contaminated with the toxin. Wound botulism happens when a wound infected with the bacteria makes the toxin. It is more common in heroin users. Infant botulism happens when a baby consumes the spores of the bacteria from soil or honey. All forms can be deadly and are medical emergencies.
Symptoms include double or blurred vision, drooping eyelids, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, dry mouth, and muscle weakness. Treatment may include antitoxins, intensive medical care, or surgery of infected wounds.
To prevent botulism:
- Be very careful when canning foods at home
- Do not let babies eat honey
- Get prompt medical care for infected wounds
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
botulism